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{{org_field_name}}

Registration Number: {{org_field_registration_no}}

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Oxygen Storage, Use, and Safety Policy

1. Purpose

The purpose of this policy is to ensure the safe storage, handling, and use of oxygen within {{org_field_name}}. Oxygen is a vital resource in medical care, but it also presents significant safety risks if not managed properly. This policy outlines the measures taken to protect service users, staff, visitors, and the environment from potential hazards associated with oxygen. By implementing stringent safety protocols, {{org_field_name}} ensures compliance with regulatory requirements and promotes a culture of safety.

2. Scope

This policy applies to all employees, service users, contractors, and visitors who may come into contact with stored or in-use oxygen within our facilities or home care environments. It covers:

• Storage and handling of oxygen cylinders and concentrators
• Safe use of oxygen in clinical and domiciliary settings
• Risk assessment and hazard prevention
• Emergency procedures in case of leaks, fires, or equipment failures
• Training requirements for staff involved in oxygen management

3. Legal and Regulatory Framework

This policy aligns with the following legislation and regulations:

• Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 – Requires employers, so far as is reasonably practicable, to protect employees and others who may be affected by work activities, including risks arising from oxygen.
• Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 – Requires a suitable and sufficient assessment of oxygen-related risks and appropriate preventive and protective measures.
• The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 – Regulates safe lifting, handling and transportation of items such as oxygen cylinders.
• The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, as amended by the Fire Safety Act 2021 and the Building Safety Act 2022 – Requires Responsible Persons for premises within the scope of the Order to assess and manage fire risks. Where the Order applies, the fire risk assessment must be recorded in full and fire safety arrangements must be recorded. Responsible Persons must also comply with applicable duties relating to co-operation, co-ordination and the sharing of fire safety information.
• Health and Safety Executive guidance INDG459, Oxygen use in the workplace: Fire and explosion hazards – Describes oxygen-enrichment hazards and precautions for oxygen equipment; supplier and manufacturer instructions must also be followed.
• Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014, Regulation 12 – Requires care and treatment to be provided safely, including assessment and mitigation of risks, competent staff, safe equipment and safe medicines management.

4. Storage of Oxygen

Proper storage of oxygen is essential to prevent accidents, ensure safe access, and comply with Health and Safety Executive (HSE) regulations. Oxygen, being a highly reactive gas, poses risks if not handled and stored correctly. {{org_field_name}} follows strict storage protocols to ensure safety and regulatory compliance.

4.1. Designated Storage Areas

• Oxygen cylinders and concentrators must be stored in designated, well-ventilated areas to prevent oxygen accumulation, which could create a fire hazard.
• The storage area must be suitable for the quantity and type of oxygen equipment and arranged in accordance with the fire risk assessment and the supplier’s or manufacturer’s storage instructions.
• Oxygen should be stored away from direct sunlight, heat sources, electrical equipment, and combustible materials such as paper, wood, and chemicals.
• The storage space should be dry and clean to prevent contamination or corrosion of the cylinders.

4.2. Upright Positioning and Secure Storage

• Cylinders must be secured upright using racks, chains, or brackets to prevent tipping over, which could cause leaks or damage to the cylinder valve.
• For portable oxygen cylinders, safety holders or carts must be used to transport them safely.
• Oxygen concentrators must be placed on a stable, level surface and positioned in a way that ensures uninterrupted airflow to prevent overheating.

4.3. Separation from Flammable Substances

• Oxygen must not be stored near flammable substances such as:
  • Oils, greases, and petroleum-based products (e.g., Vaseline, lotions, and certain medical ointments).
  • Solvents, alcohol-based products, aerosol sprays, or cleaning chemicals.
  • Gas cookers, open flames, or electric heaters.
• Oxygen storage and use areas must be separated from ignition sources by the distance and controls identified in the fire risk assessment and the supplier’s or manufacturer’s instructions.

4.4. Labeling and Signage

• All storage areas must have clear and legible signage indicating that oxygen is present. Signs should include:
  • “Oxygen in Use – No Smoking”
  • “Oxygen – No Smoking – No Naked Flames”
• Signs must be placed at eye level in multiple languages if required, ensuring that all staff, service users, and visitors are aware of the oxygen presence and related hazards.

4.5. Cylinder Rotation and Stock Management

• A first-in, first-out (FIFO) system must be used to ensure older cylinders are used before newer stock, reducing the risk of outdated or expired oxygen supplies.
• Storage areas should have an inventory log to track cylinder expiration dates and ensure timely replacement.
• Empty or partially used cylinders must be clearly marked and stored separately from full cylinders to avoid confusion.
• When a cylinder is not in active use, trained staff must close the cylinder valve in accordance with the supplier’s instructions and ensure that the cylinder is secured safely.

5. Safe Use of Oxygen

Oxygen should only be used as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Incorrect usage can lead to serious health risks, fire hazards, and wastage. Staff and service users must follow strict guidelines for handling and using oxygen safely.

5.1. Proper Equipment Use

• Oxygen must be delivered using approved and properly maintained equipment, including:
  • Oxygen cylinders (portable and stationary).
  • Oxygen concentrators for continuous home use.
  • Regulators, flow meters, and humidifiers to ensure controlled and comfortable delivery.
  • Nasal cannulas and oxygen masks, which should be replaced as per the manufacturer’s instructions to prevent bacterial contamination.
• All equipment must be checked before each use to ensure that it is in working condition and free from damage or contamination.

5.2. No Smoking or Open Flames

• Strictly no smoking is allowed in areas where oxygen is used or stored. This includes:
  • Service user homes where oxygen therapy is administered.
  • Designated oxygen storage areas.
  • Vehicles transporting oxygen cylinders.
• Open flames, including:
  • Candles, matches, lighters, fireplaces, gas stoves, and barbecues, must be kept at least three metres away from oxygen equipment.
• Electrical appliances such as hairdryers, electric razors, or space heaters should also be used cautiously near oxygen.

5.3. Avoid Oil-Based Products

• Petroleum-based products are highly flammable in oxygen-enriched environments.
• Prohibited products include:
  • Vaseline, petroleum jelly, lip balms, or skin creams containing oil.
  • Oil-based hair products or lotions.
  • Essential oils, massage oils, or other oily substances.
• Staff must educate service users on using oxygen-safe moisturisers such as water-based creams instead of petroleum-based alternatives.

5.4. Regular Equipment Checks

• Oxygen equipment should be inspected daily for:
  • Leaks – Listen for hissing sounds, check for bubbling if using a humidifier, and feel for escaping air.
  • Damage – Inspect cylinders, tubing, and masks for cracks, wear, or contamination.
  • Proper functioning – Ensure that the oxygen concentrator or regulator is delivering the prescribed flow rate.
• If any issues are found, the equipment must be reported immediately and taken out of use until repaired or replaced.

5.5. Controlled Flow Rates

• Only the prescribed oxygen flow rate should be used to:
  • Prevent oxygen toxicity (too much oxygen can damage lung tissue).
  • Ensure adequate therapeutic benefit without wastage.
• Staff must verify flow meter settings before each use and confirm that the oxygen supply is delivering the correct amount prescribed by the clinician.
• Service users and caregivers must be educated on how to adjust flow rates only if instructed by a healthcare professional.

5.6. Handling Oxygen Tubing and Masks

• Oxygen tubing should be:
  • Kept clear of obstructions to avoid kinking or restricting airflow.
  • Regularly replaced to prevent bacterial buildup.
  • Stored safely to prevent tripping hazards in the home.
• Masks and nasal cannulas must be cleaned regularly and stored in a clean, dry place when not in use.

5.7. Emergency Preparedness

• In case of an oxygen-related fire or leak, staff and service users should follow these steps:
  1. Turn off the oxygen supply if it is safe to do so.
  2. Move the oxygen equipment away from the fire source.
  3. Evacuate immediately if there is a fire risk.
  4. Call 999 for emergency assistance.
  5. Ensure a fire extinguisher is readily available in homes where oxygen is used.

6. Risk Assessment and Hazard Prevention

To mitigate potential hazards associated with oxygen, {{org_field_name}} will undertake and maintain appropriate risk assessments relevant to the environment in which care is provided and the responsibilities of the organisation.

Risk assessments relating to oxygen will include, where applicable:

• the presence, storage and use of oxygen cylinders, concentrators and associated equipment;
• sources of ignition, smoking, naked flames and combustible materials;
• the location and security of oxygen cylinders and equipment;
• ventilation and the risk of oxygen enrichment;
• the condition, maintenance and safe operation of oxygen equipment;
• risks associated with tubing, including obstruction, damage and trip hazards;
• the service user’s ability to understand and follow oxygen safety precautions;
• risks created by other people within the service user’s home, including household members and visitors;
• emergency arrangements in the event of an oxygen leak, equipment failure or fire; and
• any changes to the service user’s health, environment, equipment or care arrangements which may alter the level of risk.

Where oxygen is used in a service user’s individual private dwelling, {{org_field_name}} will assess and manage the risks associated with the care and support it provides. The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 does not generally apply to the interior of an individual private dwelling. This does not remove {{org_field_name}}’s responsibility to assess and manage risks associated with the delivery of care.

Where premises are subject to the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 and {{org_field_name}} is a Responsible Person or otherwise has duties under the Order, {{org_field_name}} will:

• ensure that oxygen-related fire hazards are considered as part of the fire risk assessment;
• record the fire risk assessment in full;
• record the organisation’s fire safety arrangements for the effective planning, organisation, control, monitoring and review of preventive and protective measures;
• review the fire risk assessment when there is reason to suspect that it is no longer valid or where significant changes occur;
• take appropriate measures to reduce and control identified risks; and
• co-operate and co-ordinate with other Responsible Persons where responsibility for fire safety is shared, and record and share information where required by law.

Risk assessments and control measures will be reviewed following relevant incidents, changes in equipment or oxygen provision, significant changes in the environment, or changes in applicable legal requirements.

7. Emergency Procedures

In the event of an oxygen-related emergency, it is crucial that staff act swiftly and correctly to minimise risks to service users, themselves, and others. Oxygen can intensify fires and oxygen leaks can lead to serious health hazards, so all employees must be trained in emergency response procedures. The following steps outline best practices for handling oxygen-related emergencies in domiciliary care settings.

7.1 Oxygen Leaks

A leak in oxygen equipment can create an oxygen-enriched atmosphere in which materials ignite more easily and fires burn more fiercely. Staff must follow these steps in the event of a suspected or confirmed leak:

Steps to Take in an Oxygen Leak Emergency

1. Evacuate the Area Immediately
   • Remove the service user and others from the affected area.
   • Ensure that doors and windows are opened to increase ventilation and disperse excess oxygen safely.
2. Shut Off the Oxygen Supply (Only if Safe to Do So)
   • Only a trained and authorised person should attempt to close a leaking cylinder valve, and only where this can be done without exposure to danger and in accordance with supplier instructions.
   • For a suspected concentrator leak or fault, keep the equipment away from ignition sources, follow the manufacturer’s emergency instructions and arrange competent technical support.
   • Do not attempt an improvised repair or disconnect leaking tubing or connections unless the manufacturer’s instructions expressly permit this and the person is trained and authorised to do so.
3. Check for the Source of the Leak
   • Look for damaged tubing, loose connections, or faulty valves.
   • Listen for a hissing sound, which may indicate a slow gas escape.
4. Notify Emergency Services if Necessary
   • If the leak is large, persistent, or near a heat source, call 999 immediately.
   • Inform responders that oxygen is involved so they can take necessary precautions.
5. Do Not Use or Store Any Ignition Sources Near the Area
   • Avoid using electrical switches, mobile phones, or other electronic devices in the presence of an oxygen leak, as they could cause sparks.
6. Report and Document the Incident
   • Notify the care manager or designated safety officer.
   • Ensure that the oxygen supplier is contacted for repairs or replacement.
   • Complete an incident report detailing the nature of the leak, actions taken, and any further follow-up required.

7.2 Fire Emergency

Oxygen does not ignite on its own, but it greatly accelerates combustion when combined with a spark, flame, or other ignition source. If a fire occurs near oxygen equipment, it can spread rapidly, putting service users, staff, and property at significant risk.

Steps to Take in an Oxygen-Related Fire Emergency

1. Activate the Fire Alarm & Call 999
   • Alert all individuals in the home or care setting about the fire.
   • Call emergency services immediately and inform them that oxygen is present.
2. Evacuate the Premises
   • Follow the fire safety evacuation plan and assist service users in leaving the area.
   • If possible, close doors behind you to slow the spread of fire and smoke.
   • Do not attempt to remove oxygen cylinders from the area if the fire is severe—prioritise evacuation over equipment retrieval.
3. Follow the fire emergency plan
   • Raise the alarm, call the fire and rescue service and prioritise evacuation in accordance with the premises fire emergency plan. Do not take action that places anyone at additional risk.
   • A portable fire extinguisher may be used only by a person who is trained to do so, where the fire is small, the correct extinguisher has been identified by the fire risk assessment and a safe escape route remains available.
   • If safe control is not immediately possible, evacuate without delay, close doors where safe to do so and wait for the fire and rescue service at the designated assembly point.
4. Remove Oxygen Equipment if Safe to Do So
   • Turn off the oxygen supply at the source (cylinder valve or concentrator switch) if accessible.
   • Remove small oxygen cylinders from the immediate area if it is safe and does not delay evacuation.
5. Inform Emergency Responders Upon Arrival
   • Clearly indicate to firefighters that oxygen is in use on-site.
   • Provide details of any cylinders or oxygen tanks stored within the premises.
   • Inform them if anyone requires medical attention due to smoke inhalation or burns.
6. Follow Up After the Incident
   • Conduct a post-incident review and update the risk assessment if needed.
   • Inspect all oxygen equipment before reuse or replacement.
   • Provide fire safety refresher training for staff and service users if necessary.

7.3 Equipment Failure

If oxygen equipment fails to function properly, it can endanger the health of the service user who depends on it. Common failures include:

• Oxygen concentrator breakdowns
• Cylinder valve malfunctions
• Tubing disconnections or leaks
• Oxygen supply depletion

Steps to Take in an Oxygen Equipment Failure

1. Assess the Situation Quickly
   • Check whether the oxygen flow has stopped or decreased.
   • Examine the tubing, mask, and connections for kinks, blockages, or leaks.
   • Verify that the oxygen concentrator is plugged in and switched on.
2. Switch to Backup Oxygen Supply (if required)
   • If the main supply fails, switch to a backup cylinder or spare concentrator if available.
   • Ensure the service user continues to receive oxygen at the prescribed flow rate.
3. Contact Technical Support or the Oxygen Supplier
   • Report the fault immediately to the supplier for urgent repair or replacement.
   • If the issue requires technical intervention, do not attempt to repair the equipment yourself—only qualified professionals should handle repairs.
4. Monitor the Service User for Signs of Distress
   • If the service user experiences difficulty breathing, dizziness, or confusion, seek immediate medical assistance.
   • Administer first aid if needed while awaiting medical support.
5. Document the Equipment Failure
   • Log the failure in the incident report system.
   • Ensure all staff are informed about the cause of failure and the resolution to prevent future incidents.

7.4 Additional Safety Measures

• Fire Safety Training: All staff must be trained in oxygen-related fire hazards and fire extinguisher use.
• Oxygen Leak Awareness: Care workers must be able to identify and respond to leaks promptly.
• Service User Education: Service users and their families must be informed about oxygen safety and emergency procedures.
• Emergency Drills: Conduct regular fire and oxygen leak drills to ensure preparedness.

These emergency procedures support the assessment and control of oxygen-related risks at {{org_field_name}} and must be used with the individual risk assessment, fire emergency plan and supplier instructions.

8. Staff Training and Competency

All staff involved in handling oxygen must receive training on:

• Proper storage, use, and transportation of oxygen cylinders and concentrators.
• Fire safety procedures and hazard prevention.
• Emergency response to leaks, fires, or medical oxygen equipment failures.
• Regulatory compliance and documentation of oxygen use.

Refresher training must be provided at intervals determined by risk, competence assessment, changes to equipment or procedures, incidents and identified learning needs.

9. Monitoring and Compliance

{{org_field_name}} maintains high safety standards by:

• Conducting regular audits to ensure compliance with storage and handling protocols.
• Keeping detailed records of oxygen usage and maintenance.
• Encouraging staff feedback and reporting of any safety concerns.
• Reviewing and updating risk assessments based on emerging safety information.
• Ensuring continuous improvement by implementing best practices and technological advancements in oxygen management.

10. Review and Updates

This policy is reviewed annually and sooner where legislation, authoritative guidance, equipment, supplier instructions, incidents or risk assessments change. Updates are communicated to relevant personnel and additional training is provided where required.

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Responsible Person: {{org_field_registered_manager_first_name}} {{org_field_registered_manager_last_name}}
Reviewed on: {{last_update_date}}
Next Review Date: {{next_review_date}}
Copyright © {{current_year}} – {{org_field_name}}. All rights reserved.