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Registered Nurse Verification of Expected Adult Death Policy

1. Introduction and Purpose

{{org_field_name}} is committed to ensuring that the verification of an expected adult death is undertaken safely, promptly, compassionately and with respect for the dignity, cultural identity, religious beliefs and previously expressed wishes of the deceased person.

This policy sets out the circumstances in which a registered nurse employed or engaged by {{org_field_name}} may verify an expected adult death in a person’s own home. It describes the required authorisation, competence, clinical assessment, documentation, communication, escalation and governance arrangements.

Verification of death means the clinical confirmation that life has ceased. It is separate from certification of the medical cause of death. A registered nurse may verify death when authorised and competent to do so but must not complete a Medical Certificate of Cause of Death unless separately legally entitled to do so as a registered medical practitioner.

This policy must be read alongside the organisation’s policies on:

The policy supports compliance with the Health and Social Care Act 2008, the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014, the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009, the Mental Capacity Act 2005, applicable coronial and death certification legislation, the Nursing and Midwifery Council Code and current national and local clinical guidance.

2. Scope of the Policy

This policy applies to registered nurses employed or formally engaged by {{org_field_name}} who:

This policy applies only to adults aged 18 years or over whose death is expected from a diagnosed and documented medical condition and where an appropriate clinician-led plan is in place.

This policy does not authorise registered nurses to:

Where a death falls outside this policy, the registered nurse must follow the emergency, police, safeguarding, medical examiner and coroner escalation arrangements described in this policy.

3. Definitions

3.1 Expected death

An expected death is a death which occurs as a foreseeable consequence of a diagnosed illness or medical condition and which has been anticipated and documented by an appropriate registered medical practitioner or other responsible clinician acting within an agreed local pathway.

The record should demonstrate that:

Advanced age, frailty or residence in a person’s own home must not, by themselves, be treated as sufficient evidence that a death is expected.

3.2 Verification of death

Verification of death is the clinical process of establishing that a person has died by confirming the irreversible absence of signs of life in accordance with current professional guidance and the nurse’s assessed competence.

3.3 Certification of death

Certification of death is the statutory process of identifying and formally recording the medical cause of death. Verification by a registered nurse does not replace medical certification, medical examiner scrutiny, registration of the death or referral to the coroner where required.

3.4 Unexpected or unexplained death

An unexpected or unexplained death includes a death which:

4. Legal, Regulatory and Professional Framework

This policy is informed by the following legislation, regulations and professional requirements, as amended from time to time:

Registered nurses must practise within the limits of their competence, preserve safety, keep clear and accurate records, communicate effectively and remain professionally accountable for their decisions and actions.

The registered manager is responsible for ensuring that this policy is consistent with local commissioning, primary care, palliative care, medical examiner and coroner arrangements.

5. Responsibilities

5.1 Registered provider and registered manager

The registered provider and registered manager must ensure that:

5.2 Registered nurse

The registered nurse undertaking verification is responsible for:

5.3 Care workers

Care workers who find a person apparently deceased must not verify death. They must follow the person’s end-of-life plan and the organisation’s emergency escalation procedure, contact the appropriate registered nurse or healthcare professional and preserve the person’s dignity.

Care workers must not move the person, remove clinical devices, dispose of medicines or disturb the environment where the death is unexpected, unexplained or suspicious, unless movement is necessary to attempt resuscitation or prevent immediate harm.

6. Conditions for Registered Nurse Verification

A registered nurse may verify an expected adult death only when all of the following conditions are satisfied:

An individualised advance care plan, ReSPECT recommendation or DNACPR decision should be available where one has been made. However, the absence of a DNACPR form must not be described as automatically preventing verification after death has been established.

The absence of a DNACPR decision must not be treated as permission to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation from a person who may still be alive. Where there is any possibility that the person may be alive, or where death was not expected, the nurse must follow current basic life support and emergency escalation procedures unless there are unequivocal signs of irreversible death or another lawful clinical basis for not starting resuscitation.

The nurse must decline to undertake verification and seek assistance where:

7. Immediate Actions When a Person Is Found Unresponsive

The person discovering the service user must:

Where the death is expected, the registered nurse must review the relevant records before beginning verification wherever practicable. The nurse must establish:

8. Procedure for Verifying an Expected Death

The process of verifying an expected death involves several critical steps to ensure that life has ceased, documentation is accurate, and the family is supported.

8.1 Preparation and Identity Checks

The registered nurse must introduce themselves to relatives or others present, explain their role and explain that verification confirms that the person has died but does not certify the medical cause of death.

The nurse must confirm the person’s identity using at least two reliable identifiers, wherever available, such as:

The nurse must review the expected death documentation and assess whether the observed circumstances remain consistent with an expected natural death.

The nurse must ensure privacy and dignity while avoiding unnecessary alteration of the person’s position, clothing, clinical devices or surroundings until it is clear that police or coroner involvement is not required.

Appropriate infection prevention precautions must be used. The nurse must consider risks from infection, implanted devices, oxygen, sharps, hazardous medicines, body fluids and environmental hazards.

8.2 Clinical Verification Assessment

The registered nurse must undertake the verification assessment in accordance with their approved training, competency assessment and the current locally adopted professional protocol.

The assessment must include confirmation of all of the following:

The nurse must use a timing device and must observe for the full period required by the organisation’s approved clinical protocol. The required observation periods must not be shortened.

Any equipment used must be appropriate, clean, functional and used within the nurse’s competence.

Where any sign of life is detected, where findings are equivocal or where the nurse is unable to complete the assessment, the nurse must:

The nurse must not rely on a single clinical sign to verify death.

8.3 Circumstances Requiring Immediate Escalation

The death must be treated as unexpected, unexplained or potentially reportable where any of the following applies:

In these circumstances, the nurse must follow local procedures for contacting emergency services, police, the responsible medical practitioner, the medical examiner service, safeguarding services and senior management.

The nurse must not:

unless authorised by the police, coroner, medical examiner or another person acting under the applicable local pathway, or unless action is necessary to preserve life or prevent immediate danger.

8.4 Documentation

The registered nurse must make an accurate, complete, legible and contemporaneous record of:

The nurse must clearly distinguish between:

The time of verification must not automatically be recorded as the time of death.

All documentation must be completed as soon as practicable and before the end of the nurse’s shift unless exceptional circumstances prevent this. Any late entry must be clearly identified, dated, timed and explained.

8.5 Notification Following Verification

Following verification, the registered nurse must notify, in accordance with the individualised plan and local pathway:

The nurse must not routinely state that they will arrange the death certificate. The Medical Certificate of Cause of Death is completed through the attending practitioner and medical examiner process, or the death is referred to the coroner.

Since 9 September 2024, deaths which are not investigated by a coroner are subject to independent medical examiner scrutiny before registration.

9. Supporting Relatives, Representatives and Others

The registered nurse must communicate sensitively, honestly and in a manner suited to the communication needs of the people present.

The nurse should:

Where a relative raises concern about the care provided, the nurse must record the concern accurately and escalate it to the registered manager. The concern must be considered under the complaints, incident, safeguarding and duty of candour procedures as appropriate.

No person should be described as “next of kin” as though this automatically gives them legal decision-making authority. The nurse should identify the person’s nominated contact, personal representative, attorney, deputy or other relevant representative according to the circumstances.

10. Care After Death

Care after death must be provided respectfully and in accordance with the person’s known wishes, cultural and religious requirements, infection prevention measures and local care-after-death procedures.

Before commencing care after death, staff must confirm that:

Staff must:

Staff must not remove a pacemaker, implantable cardioverter defibrillator or other implanted device. Removal must be undertaken only by an appropriately authorised and competent person.

11. Medicines, Controlled Drugs, Equipment and Property

Following a death, medicines prescribed for the deceased must be secured and handled in accordance with the organisation’s medicines policy, pharmacy requirements and applicable law.

Staff must not:

Where the death is unexpected, suspicious or may be related to medicines, all medicines, administration records, packaging, syringes, transdermal patches, pumps and associated equipment must be preserved and made available to the investigating authority.

Property and valuables must be recorded, secured and transferred using the organisation’s property procedure. Where the person died in their own home, staff must not assume authority over property belonging to the deceased or their estate.

12. Training, Competency and Authorisation

Only registered nurses who have successfully completed approved training and competency assessment may verify an expected adult death on behalf of {{org_field_name}}.

Training must include:

Competence must be demonstrated through:

Competence and authorisation must be reviewed:

The policy must not imply that annual competency assessment is a universal statutory requirement. The organisation must instead define and document a proportionate reassessment frequency based on risk, professional guidance and local arrangements.

A nurse must not undertake verification where they believe their competence is no longer current.

13. Incident Reporting, Safeguarding and Duty of Candour

An internal incident report must be completed where:

The registered manager must consider whether the circumstances require:

The existence of a DNACPR decision must not prevent investigation of concerns about the care provided before death.

14. CQC Statutory Notification

The registered manager or authorised person must consider whether the death must be notified to the Care Quality Commission under Regulation 16 of the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009.

CQC must be notified without delay where:

The responsible manager must use the current CQC notification process and retain evidence that the notification was submitted.

The registered nurse must immediately inform the registered manager or on-call manager of any death that may meet the notification threshold. The nurse is not responsible for making the final regulatory determination unless this responsibility has been formally delegated.

A CQC death notification does not replace any requirement to contact the police, coroner, medical examiner, safeguarding authority, commissioner or other body.

15. Confidentiality, Information Governance and Records

Information concerning the deceased must continue to be treated respectfully, confidentially and securely.

Although UK data protection legislation generally applies to identifiable living individuals rather than to the deceased person, records concerning a death may contain personal data about relatives, staff and other living individuals. Duties of confidentiality may also continue after death.

Records must be:

Requests for access to records following death must be referred to the organisation’s information governance lead and handled under the applicable legal framework, including the Access to Health Records Act 1990 where relevant.

Staff must not share information with relatives merely because they describe themselves as “next of kin”. The identity, authority and lawful basis for disclosure must be established.

Any actual or suspected confidentiality or information security breach must be reported immediately under the organisation’s data breach procedure.

16. Monitoring, Audit and Quality Improvement

The registered manager and clinical lead must monitor implementation of this policy through regular audit.

Audit activity should include:

Audit findings must be reported through the organisation’s governance arrangements. Action plans must identify responsible persons, completion dates and evidence that improvement has been sustained.

Learning from deaths must be shared appropriately while maintaining confidentiality.

17. Equality, Human Rights and Cultural Requirements

The service must ensure that verification and care after death are provided without unlawful discrimination and with due regard to the person’s protected characteristics, human rights, communication needs, religion, belief, culture, sex, gender identity and family relationships.

Reasonable steps must be taken to identify and respect wishes concerning:

Cultural or religious practices must be facilitated wherever they are safe, lawful and do not interfere with police, coroner or medical examiner requirements.

18. Staff Support

Managers must recognise that attending and verifying a death can be emotionally demanding.

Registered nurses and other staff must have access to:

A factual debrief must not replace a formal investigation where one is required.

19. Conclusion

Verification of an expected adult death is a significant clinical responsibility. It may be undertaken only by a registered nurse who is appropriately trained, assessed as competent, authorised and acting within an agreed local pathway.

The registered nurse must distinguish verification from medical certification, complete a systematic clinical assessment, maintain accurate records, preserve dignity, communicate sensitively and escalate any uncertainty or concern.

{{org_field_name}} will maintain governance, training, audit, incident reporting and notification arrangements to ensure that verification of expected adult death is safe, lawful and consistent with current regulatory and professional standards.

20. References and Associated Guidance

The current versions of the following must be consulted when this policy is reviewed:

21. Policy Review

This policy must be reviewed at least annually and sooner where:

the scope of the service changes.

legislation or CQC requirements change;

national professional guidance changes;

the local medical examiner or coroner pathway changes;

a serious incident, complaint or audit identifies a need for amendment;


Responsible Person: {{org_field_registered_manager_first_name}} {{org_field_registered_manager_last_name}}
Reviewed on:
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Next Review Date:
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Copyright © {{current_year}} – {{org_field_name}}. All rights reserved.

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