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Supporting Service Users with Pets: Risk Assessment and Safety Policy

1. Introduction

At {{org_field_name}}, we recognise the positive impact that pets can have on the well-being, emotional health, and companionship of service users. Pets can reduce loneliness, provide emotional support, and encourage physical activity. However, it is equally important to ensure that the presence of pets does not compromise the safety, health, and well-being of service users, staff, and visitors.

This policy outlines the framework for identifying, assessing, managing and reviewing risks associated with service users who own or keep pets. It supports safe, person-centred and proportionate care in line with the Health and Social Care Act 2008, the Health and Social Care Act 2008 (Regulated Activities) Regulations 2014, the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009, CQC fundamental standards and CQC’s current assessment framework. In particular, this policy supports compliance with Regulation 9 Person-centred care, Regulation 10 Dignity and respect, Regulation 11 Need for consent, Regulation 12 Safe care and treatment, Regulation 13 Safeguarding service users from abuse and improper treatment, Regulation 16 Receiving and acting on complaints, Regulation 17 Good governance, Regulation 18 Staffing and Regulation 20 Duty of candour.

2. Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this policy is to:

This policy applies to all staff, including carers, administrative personnel, volunteers, and contractors, as well as service users and their families. It covers all domiciliary care settings where service users reside with pets, including private homes and supported living arrangements.

3. Legal and Regulatory Framework

This policy must be read alongside the organisation’s policies on risk assessment, health and safety, lone working, infection prevention and control, safeguarding adults, mental capacity and consent, incident reporting, complaints, duty of candour, care planning and staff training.

The organisation will manage pet-related risks in accordance with the following legal and regulatory requirements, as applicable:

The presence of a pet must not automatically prevent a person from receiving care. Decisions must be individualised, proportionate, evidence-based and clearly recorded. Where risks are identified, the organisation will seek to reduce risks while respecting the service user’s rights, preferences, dignity, independence and emotional well-being.

4. Principles of the Policy

Our approach to supporting service users with pets is guided by the following principles:

  1. Respect for Service User Choice: We respect the rights of service users to live with their pets, recognising that pets are often considered part of the family.
  2. Safety for All: The safety and well-being of service users, staff, and visitors take precedence. Risk assessments will be conducted to identify and mitigate any potential hazards.
  3. Promoting Well-being: We acknowledge the therapeutic benefits of pet ownership and seek to support service users in caring for their pets safely.
  4. Inclusivity and Fairness: No service user will be discriminated against based on pet ownership. Reasonable adjustments will be made to ensure equitable access to care.
  5. Transparency and Accountability: All risks and concerns will be communicated openly, with documented assessments and clear action plans.
  1. Positive Risk-Taking: Pet ownership may be important to a service user’s identity, emotional well-being, independence and quality of life. Risks will be managed in a balanced way and will not be used to impose unnecessary restrictions.
  2. Least Restrictive Practice: Any control measure, including asking for a pet to be placed in another room, must be proportionate to the identified risk and reviewed regularly.
  3. Staff Safety and Lone Working: Staff have the right to work in an environment where foreseeable risks, including animal-related risks, are assessed and managed. Staff must not enter or remain in a home where they reasonably believe there is an immediate risk to their safety.
  4. Professional Boundaries: Staff must not feed, walk, clean, restrain, administer medication to, transport or otherwise care for a pet unless this has been specifically agreed, risk assessed, included in the care plan and authorised by the Registered Manager.

5. Risk Assessment Process

A thorough risk assessment will be conducted for every service user who owns a pet. This assessment will be completed during the initial care planning process and reviewed regularly. The following steps outline the risk assessment process:

5.1 Initial Assessment

5.2 Risk Identification

Key risks associated with pets include:

5.3 Risk Mitigation and Control Measures

To address identified risks, the following control measures will be considered and implemented where proportionate:

Staff must not handle, restrain, feed, walk, clean, transport, administer medication to or otherwise care for a pet unless the task is documented in the care plan, risk assessed, agreed with the service user or their representative, and authorised by the Registered Manager. Staff must not place themselves at risk in order to control an animal.

5.4 Documentation and Review

5.5 Visit Procedure for Staff Where Pets Are Present

Before attending a visit, staff must check the care plan and risk assessment for any pet-related instructions. Staff must follow the agreed control measures at every visit.

On arrival, staff must not enter if a pet is loose, aggressive, blocking access, behaving unpredictably, or if agreed control measures are not in place. Staff should contact the service user by phone or from a safe location where possible and ask for the agreed arrangements to be put in place.

If staff feel unsafe at any point during a visit, they must withdraw to a safe place as soon as it is safe to do so, contact the office or on-call manager, and follow the lone-working procedure.

If urgent care is required but the pet-related risk prevents safe access, the staff member must immediately escalate to the office or on-call manager so that alternative arrangements can be considered. This may include contacting family, the nominated representative, emergency services, the local authority, the commissioner or other relevant professionals.

Staff must record and report any occasion where care could not be delivered as planned because of pet-related risk. The Registered Manager or delegated senior staff member must review the risk assessment before further visits continue where there is a significant or repeated risk.

6. Responsibilities

Maintaining a safe environment for service users, staff, and pets requires collaboration and clearly defined responsibilities:

6.1 Registered Manager:

6.2 Care Staff:

6.3 Service Users, Representatives and Families

Service users, representatives and families are expected, where able and appropriate, to:

7. Managing Pet-Related Incidents, Near Misses and Notifications

Pet-related incidents and near misses must be managed promptly, openly and proportionately. Examples include bites, scratches, falls, allergic reactions, infection-control concerns, aggressive or threatening animal behaviour, staff being unable to enter or leave safely, missed or incomplete care due to pet-related risk, animal waste contamination, infestation, or concerns about neglect, abuse, self-neglect or animal welfare.

7.1 Immediate Response

If a staff member, service user or visitor is injured by a pet, staff must seek medical assistance where required and report the incident to the office or on-call manager immediately.

If a pet displays aggressive, threatening or unpredictable behaviour, staff must withdraw to a safe place where safe to do so and contact the office or on-call manager. Staff must not attempt to restrain, chase, move or control the animal.

If the incident creates an immediate risk to life, serious injury, urgent medical need or inability to access essential care, staff must contact emergency services as appropriate and notify the office or on-call manager as soon as it is safe to do so.

7.2 Recording and Internal Reporting

All pet-related incidents, near misses, missed visits, incomplete visits and concerns must be recorded on the organisation’s incident reporting system. The record must include the date, time, location, people involved, animal involved, what happened, injury or harm caused, care affected, immediate action taken, who was informed, whether medical advice was sought, and any follow-up action required.

The care plan and pet risk assessment must be reviewed following any significant incident, repeated concern, staff concern, safeguarding concern, complaint, or change in pet behaviour or home circumstances.

7.3 External Reporting, Safeguarding and CQC Notifications

The Registered Manager, or delegated senior staff member, will decide whether the incident requires external reporting. This may include reporting to the local authority safeguarding team, commissioner, environmental health, police, RSPCA or other animal welfare body, HSE under RIDDOR, or CQC under the Care Quality Commission (Registration) Regulations 2009.

CQC must be notified where a pet-related incident falls within a notifiable category, including incidents that affect the health, safety or welfare of a person using the service. The rationale for notifying or not notifying must be recorded.

Where a pet-related incident meets the threshold for a notifiable safety incident under the duty of candour, the organisation will act in an open and transparent way, provide a truthful account, apologise, explain what further enquiries will be made, keep the person or relevant person informed, and keep a written record.

8. Infection Control and Hygiene Standards

To prevent the spread of infection, the following hygiene standards will be upheld:

If a service user is unable to maintain hygiene standards due to physical limitations, staff will discuss appropriate support options while maintaining professional boundaries​​.

9. Consent, Mental Capacity and Best Interests

Service users will be involved in decisions about pet-related risk assessments and control measures wherever possible. Staff must seek the service user’s consent before discussing pet-related arrangements with relatives, representatives or external agencies, unless there is a lawful basis to share information without consent, such as safeguarding, serious risk, emergency or legal requirement.

Where there is reason to believe that a service user may lack capacity to understand, weigh up or make a specific decision about pet-related risks or arrangements, the Mental Capacity Act 2005 must be followed. Capacity must be decision-specific and time-specific.

If the service user lacks capacity for the relevant decision, any decision must be made in their best interests, involve relevant people where appropriate, consider the importance of the pet to the person’s emotional well-being and quality of life, and use the least restrictive option that safely manages the risk.

A service user with capacity has the right to make an unwise decision. However, the organisation also has duties to protect staff and others from foreseeable harm. Where a capacitated refusal creates serious unmanaged risk, this must be escalated to the Registered Manager for review, and the decision-making process must be clearly recorded.

10. Training and Awareness

All staff will receive training on supporting service users with pets, including:

Training will be provided during staff induction and refreshed annually. Additional training will be offered if new risks or challenges emerge.

11. Communication and Collaboration

Effective communication between service users, staff, and management is essential for managing pet-related risks. Our approach includes:

12. Complaints and Concerns

Service users, relatives, representatives, staff and other stakeholders may raise concerns or complaints about the way pet-related risks are assessed, managed or communicated. Complaints may include concerns that restrictions are unnecessary, that staff feel unsafe, that care has been missed or delayed, that the service user’s preferences have not been respected, or that hygiene, safeguarding or animal welfare concerns have not been addressed.

All complaints and concerns will be handled in line with the organisation’s Complaints Policy. The organisation will ensure complaints are acknowledged, investigated, responded to and used to improve the service. Where a complaint identifies a safety, safeguarding, infection-control, staffing, equality or governance issue, the relevant policy and risk assessment will also be reviewed.

Staff must know how to raise concerns internally if they believe pet-related risks are not being managed safely.

13. Managing Refusals, Disputes and Unmanaged Risk

If a service user with capacity refuses a pet-related risk assessment or refuses to follow agreed safety measures, staff must remain respectful and must not use restrictive or punitive language. The organisation will seek to understand the reasons for refusal and will explain the specific risks, the possible impact on care delivery, and the steps required to keep the service user, staff, visitors and the pet safe.

The following approach will be followed:

  1. Discussion and Explanation: Staff or a senior member of staff will explain the concern, the legal and regulatory responsibilities of the organisation, and the possible consequences if risks cannot be managed.
  2. Reasonable Adjustments: The organisation will consider reasonable adjustments, alternative visit times, staff allocation, communication needs, cultural or religious considerations, disability-related needs and the importance of the pet to the service user’s well-being.
  3. Recorded Decision: If the service user continues to refuse, the refusal, risks, advice given, options considered and agreed actions must be recorded in the care plan and risk assessment.
  4. Escalation: Where refusal creates a significant risk to the service user, staff or others, the matter must be escalated to the Registered Manager or delegated senior staff member.
  5. Safeguarding and External Advice: Where there is a concern about self-neglect, neglect, coercion, abuse, animal welfare, environmental health, inability to receive essential care, or serious risk to life, health or well-being, the organisation will consider safeguarding referral and/or contact with relevant external agencies.
  6. Care Delivery Review: If care cannot be delivered safely, the organisation will review whether care can continue under revised arrangements. Commissioners and relevant professionals will be informed where commissioned care is affected.

The organisation will aim to support the service user to keep their pet wherever this can be achieved safely and lawfully. However, staff are not required to enter or remain in an environment where there is an immediate and unmanaged risk of harm.

14. Safeguarding, Self-Neglect and Animal Welfare

Pet-related concerns may indicate wider safeguarding or welfare issues. Staff must report concerns promptly where they observe or suspect:

Safeguarding concerns must be managed in line with the organisation’s Safeguarding Adults Policy and local safeguarding procedures. Animal welfare concerns may require advice or referral to the appropriate animal welfare organisation, local authority or police, depending on the nature and seriousness of the concern.

Staff must not remove an animal from a property or arrange rehoming unless this has been authorised through appropriate legal, safeguarding or emergency arrangements.

15. Related Policies and Procedures

This policy should be read alongside the following policies and procedures:

16. Monitoring and Continuous Improvement

To maintain high standards of safety and care, we will implement ongoing monitoring and continuous improvement initiatives:

Monitoring of this policy will include review of:

Findings from audits, incidents, complaints and safeguarding reviews will be reported through the organisation’s governance arrangements and used to update care plans, risk assessments, staff training and this policy.

Lessons learned from incidents and audits will inform future training and policy updates, ensuring continuous improvement in our approach to pet-related care.


Responsible Person: {{org_field_registered_manager_first_name}} {{org_field_registered_manager_last_name}}
Reviewed on:
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